Server Infrastructure & Virtualization

Free and open-source tools for virtualization, deployment automation, and server management

Quick Reference Guide

NeedRecommended ToolBest For
Complete Virtualization PlatformProxmox VEAll-in-one VM and container management
Desktop VirtualizationVirtualBoxTesting and development on workstations
Configuration ManagementAnsibleAgentless automation across servers
Bare Metal ProvisioningMAASAutomated physical server deployment
Container OrchestrationKubernetesManaging containerized applications at scale
Web ServerNginx, ApacheHosting websites and applications
Database ServerPostgreSQL, MariaDBRelational data storage and management
Load BalancingHAProxy, TraefikDistributing traffic across servers

Virtualization / Hypervisor / Infrastructure

Most PopularIntermediate
Proxmox VE

Complete Virtualization Platform

KVM and LXC container platform with clustering, storage management, and web-based interface. All-in-one solution for enterprise virtualization.

License: AGPL (Open Source)

LinuxKVMContainers
PopularBeginner
VirtualBox

Desktop Virtualization

Hosted hypervisor for desktops and small servers. Ideal for testing, development, and running multiple operating systems on workstations.

License: GPL (Open Source)

WindowsLinuxmacOS
Advanced
KVM

Linux Kernel Hypervisor

Kernel-based Virtual Machine built into the Linux kernel. Type-1 hypervisor offering near-native performance for enterprise virtualization.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Linux
Advanced
Xen Project

Type-1 Hypervisor

Enterprise-grade Type-1 hypervisor supporting paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization. Powers many cloud platforms.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Linux
Intermediate
QEMU

Machine Emulator & Virtualizer

Generic machine emulator and virtualizer, often used with KVM. Supports numerous architectures and guest operating systems.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Advanced
oVirt

Distributed Virtualization Management

Enterprise virtualization management platform built on KVM. Features live migration, high availability, and centralized management.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

LinuxKVM
Intermediate
Libvirt

Virtualization API & Toolset

Unified API and management toolset for multiple virtualization platforms including KVM, QEMU, Xen, and more.

License: LGPL (Open Source)

Linux
Advanced
Ganeti

VM Cluster Management

Cluster virtual server management tool for KVM, Xen, and LXC. Handles migrations, disk management, and cluster operations.

License: BSD (Open Source)

Linux
Beginner
Kimchi

Web-based KVM Management

HTML5 web interface for managing KVM virtual machines. Simple and user-friendly interface for basic VM operations.

License: LGPL (Open Source)

LinuxWeb UI
Intermediate
Harvester

Bare-metal VM Platform

Kubernetes-based hyperconverged infrastructure for bare-metal VM deployment with integrated storage and networking.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

LinuxKubernetes
Intermediate
Open vSwitch

Virtual Networking Switch

Production-quality virtual switch designed for VM environments. Supports VLANs, tunneling, QoS, and advanced networking features.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

LinuxNetworking

Deployment / Provisioning / Automation

Most PopularIntermediate
Ansible

Agentless Automation Engine

Simple, agentless automation for configuration management, application deployment, and orchestration using SSH. YAML-based playbooks.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Intermediate
Puppet

Configuration Management

Agent-based server automation and configuration management. Declarative approach to defining system state and enforcing compliance.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Intermediate
Salt Open

Infrastructure Orchestration

High-speed infrastructure automation and orchestration tool. Event-driven architecture for real-time configuration management.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Advanced
Foreman

Provisioning & Lifecycle Management

Complete lifecycle management for physical and virtual servers. Integrates with Puppet, Ansible, and provisioning tools.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Linux
RecommendedIntermediate
MAAS

Metal as a Service

Automated provisioning of bare-metal servers. PXE boot, OS deployment, and server inventory management for physical infrastructure.

License: AGPL (Open Source)

LinuxBare Metal
Intermediate
Juju

Application Modeling & Orchestration

Model-driven application orchestration across multiple clouds and bare metal. Simplifies complex application deployments.

License: AGPL (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Beginner
Capistrano

Deployment Automation

Remote server automation tool for executing scripts and tasks across multiple servers. Popular for web application deployments.

License: MIT (Open Source)

Ruby
Advanced
Crossplane

Infrastructure via Kubernetes

Manages cloud infrastructure resources using Kubernetes Custom Resource Definitions. Control plane for multi-cloud infrastructure.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Kubernetes
Advanced
ManageIQ

Cloud & Virtualization Management

Unified management platform for cloud and virtualization environments. Provisioning, monitoring, and automation across multiple platforms.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Advanced
OpenStack

Cloud Platform

Complete cloud computing platform for deploying VMs, networking, and storage. Build private and public clouds at any scale.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

LinuxCloud

Server Tools

Web Servers

Most PopularIntermediate
Nginx

High-Performance Web Server

High-performance web server, reverse proxy, and load balancer. Known for efficiency, low resource usage, and handling concurrent connections.

License: BSD (Open Source)

Multi-platform
PopularIntermediate
Apache HTTP Server

Classic Web Server

Mature, feature-rich web server powering millions of websites. Extensive module ecosystem and .htaccess configuration support.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Beginner
Caddy

Modern Web Server

Modern web server with automatic HTTPS via Let's Encrypt. Simple configuration and built-in security features out of the box.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform

Application Servers

Intermediate
Tomcat

Java Servlet Container

Open-source Java servlet container for hosting Java web applications. Lightweight implementation of Java EE specifications.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platformJava
Advanced
WildFly

Java EE Application Server

Lightweight, modular Java EE application server (formerly JBoss). Full Jakarta EE support for enterprise applications.

License: LGPL (Open Source)

Multi-platformJava

Database Servers

RecommendedIntermediate
PostgreSQL

Advanced Relational Database

Powerful, standards-compliant relational database with advanced features. JSON support, full-text search, and strong data integrity.

License: PostgreSQL License (Open Source)

Multi-platform
PopularIntermediate
MariaDB

MySQL-Compatible Database

Drop-in MySQL replacement with enhanced performance, additional features, and active development. Compatible with MySQL applications.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Intermediate
MongoDB

Document-Oriented NoSQL

Flexible document database storing JSON-like documents. Horizontal scaling, rich query language, and schema-less design.

License: SSPL (Community Edition)

Multi-platformNoSQL
Intermediate
CouchDB

Document-Oriented NoSQL

Distributed NoSQL database with HTTP API, multi-master replication, and offline-first sync capabilities. RESTful JSON document storage.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platformNoSQL

Cache & Key-Value Stores

Most PopularIntermediate
Redis

In-Memory Data Store

High-performance in-memory key-value store supporting strings, hashes, lists, sets, and more. Used for caching, sessions, and real-time analytics.

License: BSD (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Beginner
Memcached

Distributed Memory Caching

Simple, high-performance distributed memory caching system. Reduces database load by caching data and objects in RAM.

License: BSD (Open Source)

Multi-platform

Container & Orchestration

Most PopularIntermediate
Docker Engine

Container Runtime

Industry-standard container runtime for building, shipping, and running containerized applications. Lightweight virtualization alternative.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Industry StandardAdvanced
Kubernetes

Container Orchestration

Production-grade container orchestration platform for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

License: Apache 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform

Load Balancing & Proxies

Most PopularIntermediate
HAProxy

TCP/HTTP Load Balancer

High-performance TCP/HTTP load balancer and proxy server. Distributes workloads across multiple servers with health checking and failover.

License: GPL/LGPL (Open Source)

Multi-platform
Intermediate
Traefik

Cloud-Native Proxy

Modern HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer for microservices. Automatic service discovery, Let's Encrypt integration, and Docker support.

License: MIT (Open Source)

Multi-platform

File & Directory Services

EssentialIntermediate
Samba

SMB/CIFS File Server

File and print server implementing SMB/CIFS protocol. Enables seamless file sharing between Linux/Unix and Windows systems.

License: GPL (Open Source)

Linux
Advanced
OpenLDAP

Directory Server

Open-source LDAP directory server for centralized authentication and identity management. Used for user accounts and organizational data.

License: OpenLDAP Public License (Open Source)

Multi-platform

Message Brokers

Most PopularIntermediate
RabbitMQ

Message Broker

Robust message broker supporting multiple messaging protocols. Queue management, routing, and reliable message delivery for distributed systems.

License: MPL 2.0 (Open Source)

Multi-platform